Farmscaping

Carrot - Apiaceae Lindl.

Insectaries
Insectaries
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Meadows
Meadows
Hedgerow
Hedgerows

Produce

  1. Carrot - Daucus carota L.
  2. Fennel - Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
  3. Parsnip - Pastinaca sativa L.

Pests

  1. Carrot weevil - Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte, 1857) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]
  2. Wireworm - Melanotus spp. Eschscholtz 1829 and Limonius spp. Eschscholtz, 1829 [Coleoptera: Elateridae]
  3. Asiatic garden beetle - Maladera castanea (Arrow, 1913) [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]
  4. Carrot rust fly - Psila rosae (Fabricius, 1794) [Diptera: Psilidae]
  5. Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes 1885) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  6. Tarnished plant bug - Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) [Hemiptera: Miridae]
  7. Saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) [Lepidoptera: Erebidae]
  8. True armyworm - Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]

Predators

  1. Anaphes Haliday, 1833 sp. [Hymenoptera: Mymaridae] parasitize Carrot weevil eggs
  2. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Carrot weevil grubs and pupae
  3. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Carrot weevil grubs
  4. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis Berliner, 1915 infect Carrot weevil grubs
  5. Insectivorous birds predate Wireworm grubs
  6. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Wireworm grubs
  7. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 spp. [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Wireworm grubs
  8. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Asiatic garden beetle grubs
  9. Braconid wasps and Figitid wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Figitidae] parasitize Carrot rust fly maggots
  10. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Carrot rust fly eggs and pupae
  11. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Carrot rust fly eggs
  12. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Carrot rust fly adults
  13. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Carrot rust fly adults
  14. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  15. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  16. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  17. Leiophron Nees, 1819 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  18. Peristenus Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  19. Anaphes iole Girault, 1911 [Hymenoptera: Mymaridae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug eggs
  20. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug adults
  21. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  22. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  23. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  24. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  25. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  26. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  27. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  28. Wolf spiders, Lynx spiders, Jumping spiders, and Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  29. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912) [Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae] infects Tarnished plant bug adults
  30. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  31. Braconid wasps, Eupelmid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Pteromalid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eupelmidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar eggs or caterpillars
  32. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  33. Soft-winged flower beetles [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  34. Assassin bugs predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  35. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  36. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  37. Bethylid wasps, Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Platygastrid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize True armyworm eggs, caterpillars, and pupae
  38. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  39. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh, 1861) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] infect True armyworm caterpillars
  40. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  41. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  42. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  43. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  44. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  45. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  46. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  47. Western yellowjacket - Vespula pensylvanica Saussure, 1857 [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  48. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  49. Insectivorous birds predate True armyworm caterpillars and adults
  50. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect True armyworm caterpillars

Practices

  1. Wooded edges with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  2. Windbreaks near crop fields shelte, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  3. Hedgerows of native plants with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  4. Field borders of native wildflowers protected from disturbances conserve Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Damsel bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  5. Grasslands, meadows, and pastures near crop fields support Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  6. Sources of alternate foods when prey is limited sustain Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, and Spiders
  7. Perennial plantings of native flowering plants that continually bloom in succession throughout each growing-season feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Minute pirate bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, and Predatory wasps
  8. Perennial and annual insectaries of flowering plants from the aster, buckwheat, carrot, mint, legume, milkweed, moschatel, rose, and willow families feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, and Predatory wasps
  9. Perennial and annual insectaries of plants with extra-floral nectaries feed Parasitoid wasps and Parasitic flies
  10. Rock piles, stone walls, brush piles, dead wood, and snags shelter Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  11. Living groundcovers, bark mulches, or leaf litters shelter Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Entomopathogens
  12. Beetle banks shelter Big-eyed bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  13. Cover crops sustain Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, and Spiders
  14. Diverse crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Rove beetles, Insectivorous vertebrates, and Entomopathogens
  15. No-till crop fields support Damsel bugs, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Entomopathogens
  16. Organic fertilized crop fields conserve Ground beetles, and Entomopathogens
  17. Pesticide-free crop fields conserve beneficial organisms

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