Farmscaping

Mustard - Brassicaceae Burnett

Insectaries
Insectaries
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Meadows
Meadows
Hedgerow
Hedgerows

Produce

  1. Mustard - Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
  2. Canola - Brassica napus subsp. napus L.
  3. Siberian kale - Brassica napus subsp. pabularia L.
  4. Collard - Brassica oleracea L. Acephala group
  5. Kale - Brassica oleracea L. Acephala group
  6. Cauliflower - Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis group
  7. Cabbage - Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group
  8. Brussels sprout - Brassica oleracea L. Gemmifera group
  9. Kohlrabi - Brassica oleracea L. Gongylodes group
  10. Broccoli - Brassica oleracea L. Italica group
  11. Bok choy - Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis L.
  12. Tatsoi - Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt
  13. Mizuna - Brassica rapa var. niposinica L.
  14. Napa cabbage - Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis L.
  15. Turnip - Brassica rapa var. rapa L.
  16. Rapini - Brassica rapa var. rapifera L.
  17. Arugula - Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
  18. Radish - Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin
  19. Daikon - Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus (L.) Bailey
  20. Black radish - Raphanus sativus var. niger (L) J. Kern

Pests

  1. Wireworm - Melanotus Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. / Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 spp.[Coleoptera: Elateridae]
  2. Crucifer flea beetle - Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze, 1777) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  3. Striped flea beetle - Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1801) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  4. Cabbage maggot - Delia radicum (Linnaeus, 1758) [Diptera: Anthomyiidae]
  5. Swede midge - Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer, 1888) [Diptera: Cecidomyiidae]
  6. Cabbage aphid - Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  7. Potato aphid - Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, 1878 [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  8. Green peach aphid - Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  9. Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes 1885) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  10. Tarnished plant bug - Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) [Hemiptera: Miridae]
  11. Harlequin bug - Murgantia histrionica (Hahn, 1834) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  12. Cross-striped cabbageworm - Evergestis rimosalis (Guenée, 1854) [Lepidoptera: Crambidae]
  13. Saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) [Lepidoptera: Erebidae]
  14. Soybean looper - Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, 1858) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  15. Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm - Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  16. True armyworm - Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  17. Cabbage looper - Trichoplusia ni (Hübner, [1803]) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  18. Imported cabbageworm - Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758) [Lepidotera: Pieridae]
  19. Diamondback moth - Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) [Lepidoptera: Plutellidae]

Predators

  1. Insectivorous birds predate Wireworm grubs
  2. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Wireworm grubs
  3. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 spp. [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Wireworm grubs
  4. Microctonus Wesmael, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle adults
  5. Soft-winged flower beetles predate Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle adults
  6. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle adults
  7. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle adults
  8. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle adults
  9. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle grubs
  10. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Crucifer flea beetle and Striped flea beetle grubs
  11. Trybliographa rapae (Westwood, 1835) [Hymenoptera: Figitidae] parasitize Cabbage maggot maggots
  12. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Cabbage maggot eggs, maggots, and pupae
  13. Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802 spp. [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] parasitize Cabbage maggot pupae
  14. Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Cabbage maggot maggots
  15. Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Swede midge maggots
  16. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Swede midge maggots
  17. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae] infect Swede midge maggots
  18. Aphelinid wasps and Braconid wasps [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae] parasitize Cabbage aphid, Potato aphid, and Green peach aphid nymphs
  19. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Cabbage aphid, Potato aphid, and Green peach aphid nymphs
  20. Flower flies [Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae] predate Cabbage aphid, Potato aphid, and Green peach aphid nymphs
  21. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Cabbage aphid, Potato aphid, and Green peach aphid nymphs
  22. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  23. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  24. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  25. Leiophron Nees, 1819 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  26. Peristenus Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  27. Anaphes iole Girault, 1911 [Hymenoptera: Mymaridae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug eggs
  28. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug adults
  29. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  30. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  31. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  32. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  33. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  34. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  35. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  36. Wolf spiders, Lynx spiders, Jumping spiders, and Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  37. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912) [Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae] infects Tarnished plant bug adults
  38. Ooencyrtus johnsoni (Howard, 1898) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  39. Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  40. Trissolcus murgantiae Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Scelionidae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  41. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  42. Cotesia spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  43. Microplitis plutellae Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  44. Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm pupae
  45. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm eggs
  46. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Cross-striped cabbageworm eggs
  47. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  48. Potter and Mason wasps, Paper wasps, Hornets and Yellowjackets [Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Polistinae, Vespinae] predate Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  49. Insectivorous birds predate Cross-striped cabbageworm adults and larvae
  50. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  51. Braconid wasps, Eupelmid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Pteromalid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eupelmidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar eggs or caterpillars
  52. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  53. Soft-winged flower beetles [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  54. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  55. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  56. Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Soybean looper eggs
  57. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Soybean looper caterpillars
  58. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Soybean looper caterpillars
  59. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  60. Eucelatoria armigera Coquillett, 1889 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  61. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  62. Cotesia Cameron, 1891 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  63. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson, 1872) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  64. Campoletis Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  65. Telenomus Haliday, 1833 spp. [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  66. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  67. Collops Erichson, 1840 spp. [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  68. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  69. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  70. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  71. Insectivorous birds predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  72. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  73. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  74. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  75. Bethylid wasps, Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Platygastrid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize True armyworm eggs, caterpillars, and pupae
  76. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  77. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh, 1861) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] infect True armyworm caterpillars
  78. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  79. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  80. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  81. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  82. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  83. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  84. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  85. Western yellowjacket - Vespula pensylvanica Saussure, 1857 [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  86. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  87. Insectivorous birds predate True armyworm caterpillars and adults
  88. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect True armyworm caterpillars
  89. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Imported cabbageworm caterpillars
  90. Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Imported cabbageworm caterpillars
  91. Microplitis plutellae Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Imported cabbageworm caterpillars
  92. Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm pupae
  93. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm eggs
  94. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Cross-striped cabbageworm eggs
  95. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  96. Potter and Mason wasps, Paper wasps, Hornets and Yellowjackets [Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Polistinae, Vespinae] predate Cross-striped cabbageworm caterpillars
  97. Insectivorous birds predate Cross-striped cabbageworm adults and larvae
  98. Voria ruralis (Fallén, 1810) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Cabbage looper caterpillars
  99. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Cabbage looper caterpillars
  100. Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman, 1820) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Cabbage looper eggs
  101. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm eggs
  102. Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck, 1912) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Cabbage looper caterpillars
  103. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus infects Cabbage looper caterpillars
  104. Cotesia Cameron, 1891 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Diamondback moth caterpillars
  105. Eulophid wasps sp. [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae] parasitize Diamondback moth caterpillars
  106. Diadegma Förster, 1869 sp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Diamondback moth caterpillars
  107. Diadromus Wesmael, 1845 sp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Diamondback moth pupae
  108. Microplitis Förster, 1862 sp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Diamondback moth caterpillars
  109. Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm pupae
  110. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Cross-striped cabbageworm eggs
  111. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Diamondback moth caterpillars
  112. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Diamondback moth eggs
  113. Big-headed ants - Pheidole Westwood, 1839 [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Diamondback moth caterpillars
  114. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate eggs and Diamondback moth caterpillars
  115. Prowling spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Miturgidae] predate Diamondback moth caterpillars

Practices

  1. Wooded edges with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  2. Windbreaks near crop fields shelter Lacewings, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  3. Hedgerows of native plants with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  4. Field borders of native wildflowers protected from disturbances conserve Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Damsel bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  5. Grasslands, meadows, and pastures near crop fields support Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  6. Sources of alternate foods when prey is limited sustain Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, and Spiders
  7. Perennial plantings of native flowering plants that continually bloom in succession throughout each growing-season feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  8. Perennial and annual insectaries of flowering plants from the aster, buckwheat, carrot, mint, legume, milkweed, moschatel, rose, and willow families feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  9. Perennial and annual insectaries of plants with extra-floral nectaries feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, and Flower flies
  10. Rock piles, stone walls, brush piles, dead wood, and snags shelter Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  11. Living groundcovers, bark mulches, or leaf litters shelter Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Entomopathogens
  12. Beetle banks shelter Big-eyed bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  13. Sandy soils with sparse vegetation conserve Ants
  14. Cover crops sustain Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, and Spiders
  15. Diverse crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Rove beetles, Insectivorous vertebrates, and Entomopathogens
  16. No-till crop fields support Damsel bugs, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Entomopathogens
  17. Organic fertilized crop fields conserve Ground beetles and Entomopathogens
  18. Pesticide-free crop fields conserve beneficial organisms

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