Farmscaping

Gourd - Cucurbitaceae Juss.

Insectaries
Insectaries
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Meadows
Meadows
Hedgerow
Hedgerows

Produce

  1. Watermelon - Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
  2. Muskmelon - Cucumis melo L.
  3. Cucumber - Cucumis sativus L.
  4. Hubbard squash - Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
  5. Kabocha - Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
  6. Butternut squash - Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir.
  7. Pattypan squash - Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata L.
  8. Gourd - Cucurbita pepo var. ovifera L.
  9. Delicata squash - Cucurbita pepo var. pepo L.
  10. Pumpkin - Cucurbita pepo var. pepo L.
  11. Spaghetti squash - Cucurbita pepo var. pepo L.
  12. Yellow summer squash - Cucurbita pepo var. recticollis L.
  13. Yellow crookneck squash - Cucurbita pepo var. torticollia L.
  14. Acorn squash - Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata L.
  15. Zucchini - Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica L.
  16. Bottle gourd - Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.

Pests

  1. Striped cucumber beetle - Acalymma vittatum F. [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  2. Spotted cucumber beetle - Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  3. Wireworm - Melanotus Eschscholtz 1829 spp. and Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. [Coleoptera: Elateridae]
  4. Vegetable leafminer - Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
  5. Melon aphid - Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  6. Green peach aphid - Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  7. Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes, 1885) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  8. Squash bug - Anasa tristis (De Geer, 1773) [Hemiptera: Coreidae]
  9. Tarnished plant bug - Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) [Hemiptera: Miridae]
  10. Green stink bug - Chinavia hilaris Say, 1832 [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  11. Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm - Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  12. True armyworm - Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  13. Squash vine borer - Melittia cucurbitae (Harris, 1828) [Lepidoptera: Sesiidae]
  14. Two-spotted spider mite - Tetranychus urticae C. L. Koch, 1836 [Arachnida: Tetranychidae]

Predators

  1. Celatoria setosa (Coquillett, 1895) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Striped cucumber beetle adults
  2. Centistes diabroticae (Gahan, 1922) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Striped cucumber beetle adults
  3. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs, grubs, and adults
  4. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  5. Predatory mites [Arachnidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs
  6. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle adults
  7. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] deter and predate Striped cucumber beetle adults
  8. Harvestmen [Arachnidia: Opiliones] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  9. Vesper bats [Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle adults
  10. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Striped cucumber beetle grubs
  11. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Isaria fumosorosea Wize (1904) [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Striped cucumber beetle grubs
  12. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  13. Celatoria diabroticae (Shimer, 1871) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Striped cucumber beetle adults
  14. Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  15. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  16. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  17. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  18. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  19. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  20. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  21. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  22. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  23. Ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  24. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  25. Predatory mites [Arachnidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  26. Spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  27. Centipedes [Chilopoda] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  28. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Spotted cucumber beetle grubs and pupae
  29. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912), infect Spotted cucumber beetle grubs
  30. Insectivorous birds predate Wireworm grubs
  31. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Wireworm grubs
  32. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 spp. [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Wireworm grubs
  33. Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Eucoilid wasps, and Pteromalid wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae] parasitize Vegetable leafminer maggots
  34. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Vegetable leafminer maggots
  35. Aphelinid wasps and Braconid wasps [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae] parasitize Melon aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs
  36. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Melon aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs and adults
  37. Flower flies [Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae] predate Melon aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs and adults
  38. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Melon aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs and adults
  39. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  40. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  41. Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Squash bug nymphs and adults
  42. Encyrtid wasps and Scelionid wasps [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae, Platygastridae] parasitize Squash bug eggs
  43. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Squash bug nymphs and adults
  44. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Squash bug nymphs
  45. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Squash bug nymphs
  46. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Squash bug nymphs
  47. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Squash bug nymphs
  48. Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Thomisidae] predate Squash bug nymphs
  49. Insectivorous vertebrates predate Squash bug nymphs and adults
  50. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria infect Squash bug adults
  51. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  52. Leiophron Nees, 1819 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  53. Peristenus Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  54. Anaphes iole Girault, 1911 [Hymenoptera: Mymaridae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug eggs
  55. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug adults
  56. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  57. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  58. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  59. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  60. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  61. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  62. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  63. Wolf spiders, Lynx spiders, Jumping spiders, and Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  64. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912) [Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae] infects Tarnished plant bug adults
  65. Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Green stink bug adults
  66. Gymnoclytia Brauer & Berganstamm, 1893 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Green stink bug adults
  67. Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Green stink bug adults
  68. Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh and Riley, 1869) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Green stink bug eggs
  69. Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead, 1898 [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Green stink bug eggs
  70. Anastatus reduvii (Howard, 1880) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Green stink bug eggs
  71. Trissolcus edessae Fouts, 1920 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Green stink bug eggs
  72. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Green stink bug eggs
  73. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Green stink bug eggs
  74. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Green stink bug eggs
  75. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Green stink bug adults
  76. Astata unicolor Say, 1824 [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Green stink bug adults
  77. Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus (Say, 1824) [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Green stink bug adults
  78. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Green stink bug eggs
  79. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Green stink bug eggs
  80. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Green stink bug adults and eggs
  81. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Green stink bug adults
  82. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Green stink bug eggs
  83. Crickets, e.g. Snowy tree cricket - Oecanthus fultoni Walker, 1962 [Orthoptera: Gryllidae], predate Green stink bug eggs
  84. Katydids [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae] predate Green stink bug eggs
  85. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Green stink bug adults
  86. Jumping spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Salticidae] predate Green stink bug adults
  87. Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Thomisidae] predate Green stink bug nymphs and adults
  88. Insectivorous birds predate Green stink bug adults
  89. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Isaria Persoon in Roemer, 1794 sp., Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 sp., and Ophiocordyceps (Petch, 1931) spp., infect Green stink bug adults
  90. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  91. Eucelatoria armigera Coquillett, 1889 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  92. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  93. Cotesia Cameron, 1891 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  94. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson, 1872) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  95. Campoletis Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  96. Telenomus Haliday, 1833 spp. [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  97. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  98. Collops Erichson, 1840 spp. [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  99. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  100. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  101. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  102. Insectivorous birds predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  103. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  104. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  105. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  106. Bethylid wasps, Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Platygastrid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize True armyworm eggs, caterpillars, and pupae
  107. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  108. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh, 1861) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] infect True armyworm caterpillars
  109. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  110. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  111. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  112. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  113. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  114. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  115. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  116. Western yellowjacket - Vespula pensylvanica Saussure, 1857 [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  117. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  118. Insectivorous birds predate True armyworm caterpillars and adults
  119. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect True armyworm caterpillars
  120. Parasitoid wasps [Hymenoptera: "Parasitica"] parasitize Squash vine borer eggs
  121. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Squash vine borer caterpillars
  122. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Squash vine borer caterpillars
  123. Spider mite destroyer - Stethorus punctum LeConte, 1852 [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Two-spotted spider mite nymphs and adults
  124. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Two-spotted spider mite adults
  125. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Two-spotted spider mite nymphs and adults
  126. Predatory mites [Aracnhidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Two-spotted spider mite nymphs and adults
  127. Entomopathogenic fungi infect nymphs and Two-spotted spider mite adults

Practices

  1. Wooded edges with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  2. Windbreaks near crop fields shelter Lacewings, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  3. Hedgerows of native plants with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  4. Field borders of native wildflowers protected from disturbances conserve Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Damsel bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  5. Grasslands, meadows, and pastures near crop fields support Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  6. Sources of alternate foods when prey is limited sustain Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  7. Perennial plantings of native flowering plants that continually bloom in succession throughout each growing-season feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  8. Perennial and annual insectaries of flowering plants from the aster, buckwheat, carrot, mint, legume, milkweed, moschatel, rose, and willow families feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  9. Perennial and annual insectaries of plants with extra-floral nectaries feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, and Flower flies
  10. Rock piles, stone walls, brush piles, dead wood, and snags shelter Earwigs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  11. Living groundcovers, bark mulches, or leaf litters shelter Earwigs, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  12. Beetle banks shelter Big-eyed bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  13. Sandy soils with sparse vegetation conserve Predatory crickets and katydids and Ants
  14. Cover crops sustain Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  15. Diverse crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Rove beetles, Insectivorous vertebrates, and Entomopathogens
  16. No-till crop fields support Damsel bugs, Earwigs, Ground beetles, Soldier beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  17. Organic fertilized crop fields conserve Earwigs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  18. Pesticide-free crop fields conserve beneficial organisms

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