Farmscaping

Legume - Fabaceae Lindl.

Insectaries
Insectaries
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Meadows
Meadows
Hedgerow
Hedgerows

Produce

  1. Soybean - Glycine max (L.) Merr.
  2. Sweet pea - Lathyrus odoratus L.
  3. Runner bean - Phaseolus coccineus L.
  4. Lima bean - Phaseolus lunatus L.
  5. Green bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L.
  6. Garden pea - Pisum sativum L.
  7. Snap pea - Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon L.
  8. Snow pea - Pisum sativum var. saccharatum L.

Pests

  1. Bean leaf beetle - Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster, 1771) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  2. Spotted cucumber beetle - Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim, 1843 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  3. Mexican bean beetle - Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, 1850 [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae]
  4. Wireworm - Melanotus Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. and Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. [Coleoptera: Elateridae]
  5. Japanese beetle - Popillia japonica Newman, 1841 [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]
  6. Vegetable leafminer - Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
  7. Potato aphid - Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, 1878 [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  8. Potato leafhopper - Empoasca fabae (Harris 1841) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  9. Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes, 1885) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  10. Brown stink bug - Euschistus servus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  11. Brown marmorated stink bug - Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  12. Harlequin bug - Murgantia histrionica (Hahn, 1834) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  13. Garden webworm - Achyra rantalis (Guenée, 1854) [Lepidoptera: Crambidae]
  14. Saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) [Lepidoptera: Erebidae]
  15. Black cutworm - Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  16. Soybean looper - Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, 1858) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  17. Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm - Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  18. True armyworm - Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  19. Variegated cutworm - Peridroma saucia (Hübner, [1808]) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  20. Fall armyworm - Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]

Predators

  1. Celatoria diabroticae (Shimer, 1871) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Bean leaf beetle adults
  2. Medina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Bean leaf beetle adults
  3. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  4. Celatoria diabroticae (Shimer, 1871) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Striped cucumber beetle adults
  5. Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  6. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  7. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  8. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  9. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  10. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  11. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  12. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  13. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  14. Ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  15. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle adults
  16. Predatory mites [Arachnidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  17. Spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  18. Centipedes [Chilopoda] predate Spotted cucumber beetle eggs
  19. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Spotted cucumber beetle grubs and pupae
  20. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912), infect Spotted cucumber beetle grubs
  21. Paradexodes epilachnae Aldrich, 1923 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Mexican bean beetle grubs
  22. Pediobius foveolatus Crawford, 1912 [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] parasitize Mexican bean beetle grubs
  23. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Mexican bean beetle eggs and grubs
  24. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Mexican bean beetle eggs and grubs
  25. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Mexican bean beetle eggs and grubs
  26. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Mexican bean beetle eggs and grubs
  27. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Mexican bean beetle eggs and grubs
  28. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Mexican bean beetle eggs and grubs
  29. Insectivorous birds predate Wireworm grubs
  30. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Wireworm grubs
  31. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 spp. [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Wireworm grubs
  32. Winsome fly - Istocheta aldrichi (Mesnil, 1953) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Japanese beetle adults
  33. Tiphia popilliavora Rohwer, 1924 [Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae] parasitize Japanese beetle grubs
  34. Spring tiphia - Tiphia vernalis Rohwer, 1924 [Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae] parasitize Japanese beetle grubs
  35. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Japanese beetle eggs and grubs
  36. Ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Japanese beetle eggs and grubs
  37. Insectivorous birds and mammals predate Japanese beetle grubs
  38. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Japanese beetle grubs
  39. Milky spore - Paenibacillus popilliae (Dutky, 1940) [Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae] infects Japanese beetle grubs
  40. Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Eucoilid wasps, and Pteromalid wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae] parasitize Vegetable leafminer maggots
  41. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Vegetable leafminer maggots
  42. Aphelinid wasps and Braconid wasps [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae] parasitize Potato aphid nymphs
  43. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Potato aphid nymphs and adults
  44. Flower flies [Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae] predate Potato aphid nymphs and adults
  45. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Potato aphid nymphs and adults
  46. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  47. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  48. Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Potato leafhopper eggs
  49. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  50. Green lacewings and Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  51. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  52. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  53. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  54. Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  55. Gymnoclytia Brauer & Berganstamm, 1893 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  56. Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  57. Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh and Riley, 1869) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  58. Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead, 1898 [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  59. Anastatus reduvii (Howard, 1880) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  60. Trissolcus edessae Fouts, 1920 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  61. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  62. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  63. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  64. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Stink bug adults
  65. Astata unicolor Say, 1824 [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Stink bug adults
  66. Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus (Say, 1824) [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Stink bug adults
  67. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Stink bug eggs
  68. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Stink bug eggs
  69. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Stink bug adults and eggs
  70. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Stink bug adults
  71. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  72. Crickets, e.g. Snowy tree cricket - Oecanthus fultoni Walker, 1962 [Orthoptera: Gryllidae], predate Stink bug eggs
  73. Katydids [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  74. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Stink bug adults
  75. Jumping spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Salticidae] predate Stink bug adults
  76. Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Thomisidae] predate Stink bug nymphs and adults
  77. Insectivorous birds predate Stink bug adults
  78. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Isaria Persoon in Roemer, 1794 sp., Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 sp., and Ophiocordyceps (Petch, 1931) spp., infect Stink bug adults
  79. Ooencyrtus johnsoni (Howard, 1898) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  80. Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  81. Trissolcus murgantiae Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Scelionidae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  82. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  83. Apanteles Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  84. Cremnops Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  85. Diadegma pattoni (Ashmead, 1890) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  86. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Garden webworm eggs
  87. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Garden webworm caterpillars
  88. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  89. Braconid wasps, Eupelmid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Pteromalid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eupelmidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar eggs or caterpillars
  90. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  91. Soft-winged flower beetles [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  92. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  93. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  94. Archytas Fabricius, 1805 spp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  95. Carcelia formosa (Aldrich and Webber, 1924) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  96. Chaetogaedia monticola (Bigot, 1887) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  97. Eucelatoria armigera (Coquillett, 1889) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  98. Exorista eudryae (Townsend, 1892) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  99. Chetogena Rondani, 1856 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  100. Gonia longipulvilli Tothill, 1924 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  101. Lespesia archippivora (Riley, 1871) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  102. Linnaemya comta Fallén, 1810 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  103. Madremyia saundersii (Williston, 1889) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  104. Tachinomyia panaetius (Walker, 1849) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  105. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Beet armyworm caterpillars
  106. Microplitis feltiae Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  107. Microplitis kewleyi Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  108. Meteorus autographae Muesebeck, 1923 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  109. Meteorus leviventris (Wesmael, 1835) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  110. Campoletis argentifrons (Cresson, 1864) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  111. Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead, 1890) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  112. Hyposoter annulipes (Cresson, 1864) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  113. Ophion flavidus Brullé, 1846 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  114. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Black cutworm caterpillars
  115. Hexamermis arvalis Poinar & Gyrisco [Nematoda: Mermithidae] infect Black cutworm caterpillars
  116. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Black cutworm caterpillars
  117. Granulosis virus infects Black cutworm caterpillars
  118. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Soybean looper eggs
  119. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Soybean looper caterpillars
  120. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Soybean looper caterpillars
  121. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  122. Eucelatoria armigera Coquillett, 1889 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  123. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  124. Cotesia Cameron, 1891 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  125. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson, 1872) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  126. Campoletis Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  127. Telenomus Haliday, 1833 spp. [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  128. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  129. Collops Erichson, 1840 spp. [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  130. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  131. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  132. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  133. Insectivorous birds predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  134. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  135. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  136. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  137. Apanteles elegans (Curtis, 1829) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  138. Chelonus Panzer, 1806 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  139. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  140. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  141. Copidosoma bakeri (Howard, 1898) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  142. Euplectrus platyhypenae Howard, 1885 [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  143. Hyposoter Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  144. Ophion flavidus Brulle, 1846 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  145. Pseudamblyteles koebelei (Swezey, 1909) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  146. Pterocormus Förster, 1850 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  147. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm eggs
  148. Podisus maculiventris (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] predate Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  149. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  150. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and bacteria infect Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  151. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  152. Bethylid wasps, Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Platygastrid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize True armyworm eggs, caterpillars, and pupae
  153. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  154. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh, 1861) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] infect True armyworm caterpillars
  155. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  156. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  157. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  158. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  159. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  160. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  161. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  162. Western yellowjacket - Vespula pensylvanica Saussure, 1857 [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  163. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  164. Insectivorous birds predate True armyworm caterpillars and adults
  165. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect True armyworm caterpillars
  166. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  167. Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  168. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  169. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  170. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  171. Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  172. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  173. Insectivorous vertebrates predate Fall armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  174. Entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect Fall armyworm caterpillars

Practices

  1. Wooded edges with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  2. Windbreaks near crop fields shelter Lacewings, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  3. Hedgerows of native plants with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  4. Field borders of native wildflowers protected from disturbances conserve Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Damsel bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  5. Grasslands, meadows, and pastures near crop fields support Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  6. Sources of alternate foods when prey is limited sustain Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  7. Perennial plantings of native flowering plants that continually bloom in succession throughout each growing-season feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  8. Perennial and annual insectaries of flowering plants from the aster, buckwheat, carrot, mint, legume, milkweed, moschatel, rose, and willow families feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  9. Perennial and annual insectaries of plants with extra-floral nectaries feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, and Flower flies
  10. Rock piles, stone walls, brush piles, dead wood, and snags shelter Earwigs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  11. Living groundcovers, bark mulches, or leaf litters shelter Earwigs, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  12. Beetle banks shelter Big-eyed bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  13. Sandy soils with sparse vegetation conserve Predatory crickets and katydids and Ants
  14. Cover crops sustain Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  15. Diverse crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Rove beetles, Insectivorous vertebrates, and Entomopathogens
  16. No-till crop fields support Damsel bugs, Earwigs, Ground beetles, Soldier beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  17. Organic fertilized crop fields conserve Earwigs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  18. Pesticide-free crop fields conserve beneficial organisms

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