Farmscaping

Grass - Poaceae Barnhart

Insectaries
Insectaries
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Meadows
Meadows
Hedgerow
Hedgerows

Produce

Sweet corn - Zea mays L.

Pests

  1. Corn flea beetle - Chaetocnema pulicaria F. E. Melsheimer, 1880 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  2. Northern corn rootworm - Diabrotica barberi R. Smith & Lawrence, 1967 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  3. Western corn rootworm - Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, 1868 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  4. Wireworm - Melanotus Eschscholtz 1829 spp. and Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. [Coleoptera: Elateridae]
  5. Dusky sap beetle - Carpophilus lugubris Murray, 1864 [Coleoptera: Nitidulidae]
  6. Four-spotted sap beetle - Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say 1835) [Coleoptera: Nitidulidae]
  7. Japanese beetle - Popillia japonica Newman, 1841 [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]
  8. Seedcorn maggot - Delia platura (Meigen, 1826) [Diptera: Anthomyiidae]
  9. Corn leaf aphid - Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  10. Aster leafhopper - Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes, 1885) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  11. Tarnished plant bug - Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) [Hemiptera: Miridae]
  12. Green stink bug - Chinavia hilaris Say, 1832 [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  13. Brown stink bug - Euschistus servus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  14. Brown marmorated stink bug - Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  15. Garden webworm - Achyra rantalis (Guenée, 1854) [Lepidoptera: Crambidae]
  16. European corn borer - Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796) [Lepidoptera: Crambidae]
  17. Saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) [Lepidoptera: Erebidae]
  18. Black cutworm - Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  19. Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm - Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  20. True armyworm - Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  21. Common stem borer - Papaipema nebris Guenée, 1852 [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  22. Variegated cutworm - Peridroma saucia (Hübner, [1808]) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  23. Fall armyworm - Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]

Predators

  1. Microctonus Wesmael, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn flea beetle adults
  2. Soft-winged flower beetles [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Corn flea beetle adults
  3. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Corn flea beetle adults
  4. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Corn flea beetle adults
  5. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Corn flea beetle adults
  6. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Corn flea beetle grubs
  7. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Corn flea beetle grubs
  8. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  9. Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968 [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs
  10. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  11. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs
  12. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs and caterpillars
  13. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  14. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs
  15. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  16. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  17. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  18. Ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs
  19. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm adults
  20. Predatory mites [Arachnidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs and caterpillars
  21. Spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs
  22. Centipedes [Chilopoda] predate Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm eggs
  23. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm caterpillars
  24. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912), infect Northern corn rootworm and Western corn rootworm caterpillars
  25. Insectivorous birds predate Wireworm grubs
  26. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Wireworm grubs
  27. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 spp. [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Wireworm grubs
  28. Brachyserphus abruptus (Say, 1836) [Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae] parasitize Dusky sap beetle and Four-spotted sap beetle grubs
  29. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Dusky sap beetle and Four-spotted sap beetle pupae
  30. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912), infect Dusky sap beetle and Four-spotted sap beetle adults
  31. Winsome fly - Istocheta aldrichi (Mesnil, 1953) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Japanese beetle adults
  32. Tiphia popilliavora Rohwer, 1924 [Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae] parasitize Japanese beetle grubs
  33. Spring tiphia - Tiphia vernalis Rohwer, 1924 [Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae] parasitize Japanese beetle grubs
  34. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Japanese beetle eggs and grubs
  35. Ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Japanese beetle eggs and grubs
  36. Insectivorous birds and mammals predate Japanese beetle grubs
  37. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Japanese beetle grubs
  38. Milky spore - Paenibacillus popilliae (Dutky, 1940) [Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae] infects Japanese beetle grubs
  39. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Seedcorn maggot maggots
  40. Ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae] predate Seedcorn maggot maggots
  41. Spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae] predate Seedcorn maggot maggots and adults
  42. Insectivorous birds predate Seedcorn maggot adults
  43. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Seedcorn maggot maggots
  44. Aphelinid wasps and Braconid wasps [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae] parasitize Corn leaf aphid nymphs
  45. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Corn leaf aphid nymphs and adults
  46. Flower flies [Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae] predate Corn leaf aphid nymphs and adults
  47. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Corn leaf aphid nymphs and adults
  48. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  49. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Aster leafhopper nymphs and adults
  50. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  51. Leiophron Nees, 1819 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  52. Peristenus Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  53. Anaphes iole Girault, 1911 [Hymenoptera: Mymaridae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug eggs
  54. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug adults
  55. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  56. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  57. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  58. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  59. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  60. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  61. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  62. Wolf spiders, Lynx spiders, Jumping spiders, and Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  63. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912) [Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae] infects Tarnished plant bug adults
  64. Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  65. Gymnoclytia Brauer & Berganstamm, 1893 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  66. Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  67. Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh and Riley, 1869) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  68. Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead, 1898 [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  69. Anastatus reduvii (Howard, 1880) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  70. Trissolcus edessae Fouts, 1920 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  71. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  72. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  73. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  74. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Stink bug adults
  75. Astata unicolor Say, 1824 [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Stink bug adults
  76. Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus (Say, 1824) [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Stink bug adults
  77. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Stink bug eggs
  78. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Stink bug eggs
  79. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Stink bug adults and eggs
  80. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Stink bug adults
  81. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  82. Crickets, e.g. Snowy tree cricket - Oecanthus fultoni Walker, 1962 [Orthoptera: Gryllidae], predate Stink bug eggs
  83. Katydids [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  84. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Stink bug adults
  85. Jumping spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Salticidae] predate Stink bug adults
  86. Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Thomisidae] predate Stink bug nymphs and adults
  87. Insectivorous birds predate Stink bug adults
  88. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Isaria Persoon in Roemer, 1794 sp., Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 sp., and Ophiocordyceps (Petch, 1931) spp., infect Stink bug adults
  89. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  90. Apanteles Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  91. Cremnops Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  92. Diadegma pattoni (Ashmead, 1890) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Garden webworm caterpillars
  93. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Garden webworm eggs
  94. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Garden webworm caterpillars
  95. Parasitic flies [Tachinidae] parasitize European corn borer caterpillars
  96. Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Trichogrammatidae) parasitize European corn borer caterpillars
  97. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate European corn borer eggs and caterpillars
  98. Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate European corn borer eggs and caterpillars
  99. Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964 spp. [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate European corn borer eggs and caterpillars
  100. Insectivorous birds predate European corn borer caterpillars
  101. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (1883), infect European corn borer caterpillars
  102. Entomopathogenic microsporidia infect European corn borer caterpillars
  103. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  104. Braconid wasps, Eupelmid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Pteromalid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eupelmidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar eggs or caterpillars
  105. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  106. Soft-winged flower beetles [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  107. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  108. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  109. Archytas Fabricius, 1805 spp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  110. Carcelia formosa (Aldrich and Webber, 1924) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  111. Chaetogaedia monticola (Bigot, 1887) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  112. Eucelatoria armigera (Coquillett, 1889) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  113. Exorista eudryae (Townsend, 1892) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  114. Chetogena Rondani, 1856 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  115. Gonia longipulvilli Tothill, 1924 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  116. Lespesia archippivora (Riley, 1871) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  117. Linnaemya comta Fallén, 1810 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  118. Madremyia saundersii (Williston, 1889) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  119. Tachinomyia panaetius (Walker, 1849) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  120. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Beet armyworm caterpillars
  121. Microplitis feltiae Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  122. Microplitis kewleyi Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  123. Meteorus autographae Muesebeck, 1923 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  124. Meteorus leviventris (Wesmael, 1835) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  125. Campoletis argentifrons (Cresson, 1864) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  126. Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead, 1890) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  127. Hyposoter annulipes (Cresson, 1864) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  128. Ophion flavidus Brullé, 1846 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  129. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Black cutworm caterpillars
  130. Hexamermis arvalis Poinar & Gyrisco [Nematoda: Mermithidae] infect Black cutworm caterpillars
  131. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Black cutworm caterpillars
  132. Granulosis virus infects Black cutworm caterpillars
  133. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  134. Eucelatoria armigera Coquillett, 1889 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  135. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  136. Cotesia Cameron, 1891 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  137. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson, 1872) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  138. Campoletis Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  139. Telenomus Haliday, 1833 spp. [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  140. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  141. Collops Erichson, 1840 spp. [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  142. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  143. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  144. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  145. Insectivorous birds predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  146. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  147. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  148. Gymnocheta ruficornis Williston, 1886 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  149. Lydella thompsoni Herting, 1959 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  150. Masicera senilis Meigen, 1861 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  151. Muscina stabulans Fallén, 1817 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  152. Apanteles papaipemae Muesebeck, 1921 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  153. Microplitis gortyna Riley, 1896 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  154. Lissonota brunnea Cresson, 1868 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Common stem borer caterpillars
  155. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Common stem borer eggs and caterpillars
  156. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Common stem borer caterpillars and pupae
  157. Fireflies [Coleoptera: Lampyridae] predate Common stem borer caterpillars
  158. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Common stem borer eggs and caterpillars
  159. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Common stem borer caterpillars
  160. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Common stem borer caterpillars and adults
  161. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Common stem borer caterpillars
  162. Fire ants - Solenopsis Westwood, 1840 [Hymenoptera: Formicidae], predate Common stem borer caterpillars
  163. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Common stem borer eggs
  164. Insectivorous birds and mammals predate Common stem borer caterpillars
  165. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Common stem borer caterpillars
  166. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  167. Apanteles elegans (Curtis, 1829) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  168. Chelonus Panzer, 1806 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  169. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  170. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  171. Copidosoma bakeri (Howard, 1898) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  172. Euplectrus platyhypenae Howard, 1885 [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  173. Hyposoter Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  174. Ophion flavidus Brulle, 1846 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  175. Pseudamblyteles koebelei (Swezey, 1909) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  176. Pterocormus Förster, 1850 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  177. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm eggs
  178. Podisus maculiventris (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] predate Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  179. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  180. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and bacteria infect Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  181. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  182. Bethylid wasps, Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Platygastrid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize True armyworm eggs, caterpillars, and pupae
  183. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  184. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh, 1861) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] infect True armyworm caterpillars
  185. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  186. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  187. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  188. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  189. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  190. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  191. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  192. Western yellowjacket - Vespula pensylvanica Saussure, 1857 [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  193. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  194. Insectivorous birds predate True armyworm caterpillars and adults
  195. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect True armyworm caterpillars
  196. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  197. Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  198. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  199. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  200. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  201. Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  202. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  203. Insectivorous vertebrates predate Fall armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  204. Entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect Fall armyworm caterpillars

Practices

  1. Wooded edges with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  2. Windbreaks near crop fields shelter Lacewings, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  3. Hedgerows of native plants with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  4. Field borders of native wildflowers protected from disturbances conserve Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Damsel bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Fireflies, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  5. Grasslands, meadows, and pastures near crop fields support Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Fireflies, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  6. Sources of alternate foods when prey is limited sustain Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  7. Perennial plantings of native flowering plants that continually bloom in succession throughout each growing-season feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  8. Perennial and annual insectaries of flowering plants from the aster, buckwheat, carrot, mint, legume, milkweed, moschatel, rose, and willow families feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Fireflies, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  9. Perennial and annual insectaries of plants with extra-floral nectaries feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, and Flower flies
  10. Rock piles, stone walls, brush piles, dead wood, and snags shelter Earwigs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  11. Living groundcovers, bark mulches, or leaf litters shelter Earwigs, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  12. Beetle banks shelter Big-eyed bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Fireflies, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  13. Sandy soils with sparse vegetation conserve Predatory crickets and katydids and Ants
  14. Cover crops sustain Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  15. Diverse crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Rove beetles, Insectivorous vertebrates, and Entomopathogens
  16. No-till crop fields support Damsel bugs, Earwigs, Ground beetles, Fireflies, Soldier beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, Harvestmen, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  17. Organic fertilized crop fields conserve Earwigs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Centipedes, and Entomopathogens
  18. Pesticide-free crop fields conserve beneficial organisms

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