Farmscaping

Nightshade - Solanaceae Juss.

Insectaries
Insectaries
Cover Crops
Cover Crops
Meadows
Meadows
Hedgerow
Hedgerows

Produce

  1. Bell pepper - Capsicum annuum L.
  2. Cayenne pepper - Capsicum annuum L.
  3. Jalapeño - Capsicum annuum L.
  4. Mirasol chili - Capsicum annuum L.
  5. Bonnet pepper - Capsicum chinense Jacq.
  6. Piri piri - Capsicum frutescens L.
  7. Tabasco pepper - Capsicum frutescens L.
  8. Manzano / Locoto / Rocoto - Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav
  9. Tobacco - Nicotiana tabacum L.
  10. Tomatillo - Physalis philadelphica Lam.
  11. Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum L.
  12. Eggplant - Solanum melongena L.
  13. Potato - Solanum tuberosum L.

Pests

  1. Striped cucumber beetle - Acalymma vittatum F. [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  2. Eggplant flea beetle - Epitrix fuscula Crotch, 1873 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  3. Colorado potato beetle - Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, 1824 [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
  4. Pepper weevil - Anthonomus eugenii Cano, 1894 [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]
  5. Wireworm - Melanotus Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. / Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829 spp. [Coleoptera: Elateridae]
  6. Asiatic garden beetle - Maladera castanea (Arrow, 1913) [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]
  7. Vegetable leafminer - Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
  8. Spotted winged Drosophila - Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) [Diptera: Drosophilidae]
  9. Dark-winged fungus gnat - Bradysia spp. Winnertz, 1867 [Diptera: Sciaridae]
  10. Potato aphid - Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, 1878 [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  11. Green peach aphid - Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) [Hemiptera: Aphididae]
  12. Potato leafhopper - Empoasca fabae (Harris, 1841) [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]
  13. Tarnished plant bug - Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1818) [Hemiptera: Miridae]
  14. Green stink bug - Chinavia hilaris Say, 1832 [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  15. Brown marmorated stink bug - Halyomorpha halys Stål, 1855 [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  16. Harlequin bug - Murgantia histrionica (Hahn, 1834) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]
  17. Saltmarsh caterpillar - Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) [Lepidoptera: Erebidae]
  18. Tomato pinworm - Keiferia lycopersicella (Walsingham, 1897) [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae]
  19. Black cutworm - Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  20. Soybean looper - Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, 1858) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  21. Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm - Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  22. True armyworm - Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  23. Variegated cutworm - Peridroma saucia (Hübner, [1808]) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  24. Fall armyworm - Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae]
  25. Tomato hornworm - Manduca quinquemaculatus (Haworth, 1803) [Lepidoptera: Sphingidae]
  26. Two-spotted spider mite - Tetranychus urticae C. L. Koch, 1836 [Arachnida: Tetranychidae]

Predators

  1. Celatoria setosa (Coquillett, 1895) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Striped cucumber beetle adults
  2. Centistes diabroticae (Gahan, 1922) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Striped cucumber beetle adults
  3. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs, grubs, and adults
  4. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  5. Predatory mites [Arachnidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs
  6. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle adults
  7. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] deter and predate Striped cucumber beetle adults
  8. Harvestmen [Arachnidia: Opiliones] predate Striped cucumber beetle eggs and grubs
  9. Vesper bats [Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae] predate Striped cucumber beetle adults
  10. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Striped cucumber beetle grubs
  11. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Isaria fumosorosea Wize (1904) [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Striped cucumber beetle grubs
  12. Microctonus Wesmael, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Eggplant flea beetle adults
  13. Soft-winged flower beetles predate Eggplant flea beetle adults
  14. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Eggplant flea beetle adults
  15. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Eggplant flea beetle adults
  16. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Eggplant flea beetle adults
  17. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Eggplant flea beetle grubs
  18. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Eggplant flea beetle grubs
  19. Myiopharus Brauer & von Bergenstamm, 1889 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Colorado potato beetle grubs
  20. Edovum pittleri Grissell, 1981 [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] parasitize Colorado potato beetle eggs
  21. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Colorado potato beetle eggs and grubs
  22. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Colorado potato beetle eggs and grubs
  23. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Colorado potato beetle eggs and grubs
  24. Potter and Mason wasps, Paper wasps, Hornets and Yellowjackets [Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Polistinae, Vespinae] predate Colorado potato beetle grubs
  25. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Colorado potato beetle eggs and grubs
  26. Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Thomisidae] predate Colorado potato beetle grubs and adults
  27. Harvestmen [Arachnidia: Opiliones] predate Colorado potato beetle eggs and grubs
  28. Insectivorous birds predate Colorado potato beetle grubs and adults
  29. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Colorado potato beetle grubs
  30. Bracon mellitor Say, 1836 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Pepper weevil grubs
  31. Catolaccus hunteri Crawford, 1908 [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae] parasitize Pepper weevil grubs
  32. Insectivorous birds predate Wireworm grubs
  33. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Wireworm grubs
  34. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 spp. [Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae], infect Wireworm grubs
  35. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Asiatic garden beetle grubs
  36. Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Eucoilid wasps, and Pteromalid wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eulophidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae] parasitize Vegetable leafminer maggots
  37. Entomopathogenic nematodes [Nematoda] infect Vegetable leafminer maggots
  38. Braconid wasps, Diapriid wasps, Figitid wasps, and Pteromalid wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Diapriidae, Figitidae, Pteromalidae] parasitize Spotted winged Drosophila maggots and pupae
  39. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Spotted winged Drosophila eggs
  40. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate Spotted winged Drosophila maggots
  41. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Spotted winged Drosophila maggots
  42. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Spotted winged Drosophila maggots
  43. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Dark-winged fungus gnat maggots
  44. Stratiolaelaps Berlese, 1916 spp. [Arachnidia: Acari: Mesostigmata] predate Dark-winged fungus gnat maggots and pupae
  45. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Dark-winged fungus gnat maggots
  46. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis infect Dark-winged fungus gnat maggots
  47. Aphelinid wasps and Braconid wasps [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Braconidae] parasitize Potato aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs
  48. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Potato aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs and adults
  49. Flower flies [Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae] predate Potato aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs and adults
  50. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Potato aphid and Green peach aphid nymphs and adults
  51. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  52. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  53. Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Potato leafhopper eggs
  54. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  55. Green lacewings and Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  56. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Potato leafhopper nymphs and adults
  57. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  58. Leiophron Nees, 1819 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  59. Peristenus Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  60. Anaphes iole Girault, 1911 [Hymenoptera: Mymaridae] parasitize Tarnished plant bug eggs
  61. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug adults
  62. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  63. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  64. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  65. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  66. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  67. Ambush bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phymatinae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  68. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs
  69. Wolf spiders, Lynx spiders, Jumping spiders, and Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae] predate Tarnished plant bug nymphs and adults
  70. Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (1912) [Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae] infects Tarnished plant bug adults
  71. Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  72. Gymnoclytia Brauer & Berganstamm, 1893 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  73. Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Stink bug adults
  74. Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh and Riley, 1869) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  75. Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead, 1898 [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  76. Anastatus reduvii (Howard, 1880) [Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  77. Trissolcus edessae Fouts, 1920 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  78. Trissolcus euschisti Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Stink bug eggs
  79. Soldier beetles [Coleoptera: Cantharidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  80. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  81. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Stink bug adults
  82. Astata unicolor Say, 1824 [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Stink bug adults
  83. Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus (Say, 1824) [Hymenoptera: Crabronidae] predate Stink bug adults
  84. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Stink bug eggs
  85. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Stink bug eggs
  86. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Stink bug adults and eggs
  87. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Stink bug adults
  88. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  89. Crickets, e.g. Snowy tree cricket - Oecanthus fultoni Walker, 1962 [Orthoptera: Gryllidae], predate Stink bug eggs
  90. Katydids [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae] predate Stink bug eggs
  91. Orb weavers [Arachnidia: Araneae: Araneidae] predate Stink bug adults
  92. Jumping spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Salticidae] predate Stink bug adults
  93. Crab spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Thomisidae] predate Stink bug nymphs and adults
  94. Insectivorous birds predate Stink bug adults
  95. Entomopathogenic fungi, e.g. Isaria Persoon in Roemer, 1794 sp., Metarhizium Sorokïn, 1879 sp., and Ophiocordyceps (Petch, 1931) spp., infect Stink bug adults
  96. Ooencyrtus johnsoni (Howard, 1898) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  97. Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  98. Trissolcus murgantiae Ashmead, 1893 [Hymenoptera: Scelionidae] parasitize Harlequin bug eggs
  99. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  100. Braconid wasps, Eupelmid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Pteromalid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Eupelmidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Saltmarsh caterpillar eggs or caterpillars
  101. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  102. Soft-winged flower beetles [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  103. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  104. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Saltmarsh caterpillar caterpillars
  105. Apanteles Förster, 1862 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tomato pinworm caterpillars
  106. Parahormius pallidipes (Ashmead, 1893) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tomato pinworm caterpillars
  107. Pseudapanteles dignus (Muesebeck, 1938) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tomato pinworm caterpillars
  108. Sympiesis stigmatipennis Girault, 1917 [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] parasitize Tomato pinworm caterpillars
  109. Archytas Fabricius, 1805 spp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  110. Carcelia formosa (Aldrich and Webber, 1924) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  111. Chaetogaedia monticola (Bigot, 1887) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  112. Eucelatoria armigera (Coquillett, 1889) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  113. Exorista eudryae (Townsend, 1892) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  114. Chetogena Rondani, 1856 sp. [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  115. Gonia longipulvilli Tothill, 1924 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  116. Lespesia archippivora (Riley, 1871) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  117. Linnaemya comta Fallén, 1810 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  118. Madremyia saundersii (Williston, 1889) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  119. Tachinomyia panaetius (Walker, 1849) [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  120. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Beet armyworm caterpillars
  121. Microplitis feltiae Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  122. Microplitis kewleyi Muesebeck, 1922 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  123. Meteorus autographae Muesebeck, 1923 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  124. Meteorus leviventris (Wesmael, 1835) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  125. Campoletis argentifrons (Cresson, 1864) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  126. Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead, 1890) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  127. Hyposoter annulipes (Cresson, 1864) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  128. Ophion flavidus Brullé, 1846 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Black cutworm caterpillars
  129. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Black cutworm caterpillars
  130. Hexamermis arvalis Poinar & Gyrisco [Nematoda: Mermithidae] infect Black cutworm caterpillars
  131. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Black cutworm caterpillars
  132. Granulosis virus infects Black cutworm caterpillars
  133. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Soybean looper eggs
  134. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Soybean looper caterpillars
  135. Entomopathogenic viruses infect Soybean looper caterpillars
  136. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  137. Eucelatoria armigera Coquillett, 1889 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  138. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  139. Cotesia Cameron, 1891 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  140. Microplitis croceipes (Cresson, 1872) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  141. Campoletis Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  142. Telenomus Haliday, 1833 spp. [Hymenoptera: Platygastridae] parasitize Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  143. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  144. Collops Erichson, 1840 spp. [Coleoptera: Melyridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  145. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  146. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs and caterpillars
  147. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm eggs
  148. Insectivorous birds predate Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  149. Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 spp. [Nematoda] and Steinernema Travassos, 1927 spp. [Nematoda] infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  150. Entomopathogenic fungi infect Corn earworm / Tomato fruitworm caterpillars
  151. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  152. Apanteles elegans (Curtis, 1829) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  153. Chelonus Panzer, 1806 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  154. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  155. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  156. Copidosoma bakeri (Howard, 1898) [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  157. Euplectrus platyhypenae Howard, 1885 [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  158. Hyposoter Förster, 1869 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  159. Ophion flavidus Brulle, 1846 [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  160. Pseudamblyteles koebelei (Swezey, 1909) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  161. Pterocormus Förster, 1850 spp. [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  162. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Variegated cutworm eggs
  163. Podisus maculiventris (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae] predate Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  164. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  165. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and bacteria infect Variegated cutworm caterpillars
  166. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  167. Bethylid wasps, Braconid wasps, Eulophid wasps, Ichneumon wasps, Platygastrid wasps, and Trichogramma wasps [Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Braconidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae] parasitize True armyworm eggs, caterpillars, and pupae
  168. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  169. Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh, 1861) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] infect True armyworm caterpillars
  170. Meteorus Haliday, 1835 spp. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize True armyworm caterpillars
  171. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  172. Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  173. Predatory plant bugs [Hemiptera: Miridae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  174. Damsel bugs [Hemiptera: Nabidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  175. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  176. Assassin bugs [Hemiptera: Reduviidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  177. Western yellowjacket - Vespula pensylvanica Saussure, 1857 [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  178. Wolf spiders [Arachnidia: Araneae: Lycosidae] predate True armyworm caterpillars
  179. Insectivorous birds predate True armyworm caterpillars and adults
  180. Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect True armyworm caterpillars
  181. Archytas marmoratus Townsend, 1915 [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  182. Chelonus insularis Cresson, 1865 [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  183. Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson, 1865) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Fall armyworm caterpillars
  184. Ground beetles [Coleoptera: Carabidae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  185. Earwigs [Dermaptera] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  186. Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  187. Predatory stink bugs [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae] predate Fall armyworm caterpillars
  188. Insectivorous vertebrates predate Fall armyworm caterpillars and pupae
  189. Entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses infect Fall armyworm caterpillars
  190. Parasitic flies [Diptera: Tachinidae] parasitize Tomato hornworm caterpillars
  191. Cotesia congregata (Say, 1836) [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] parasitize Tomato hornworm caterpillars
  192. Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck, 1912) [Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae] parasitize Tomato hornworm caterpillars
  193. Trichogramma Riley, 1871 spp. [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae] parasitize Tomato hornworm eggs
  194. Lady beetles [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Tomato hornworm eggs
  195. Predatory stilt bugs [Hemiptera: Berytidae] predate Tomato hornworm eggs and caterpillars
  196. Big-eyed bugs [Hemiptera: Geocoridae] predate Tomato hornworm eggs and caterpillars
  197. Paper wasps - Polistes Linnaeus, 1767 spp. [Hymenoptera: Vespidae] predate Tomato hornworm caterpillars
  198. Green lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae] predate Tomato hornworm eggs
  199. Insectivorous skunks and moles pretate Tomato hornworm pupae
  200. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria infect Tomato hornworm caterpillars
  201. Spider mite destroyer - Stethorus punctum LeConte, 1852 [Coleoptera: Coccinellidae] predate Two-spotted spider mite nymphs and adults
  202. Minute pirate bugs [Hemiptera: Anthocoridae] predate Two-spotted spider mite adults
  203. Green lacewings, Dustywings, Brown lacewings [Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae] predate Two-spotted spider mite nymphs and adults
  204. Predatory mites [Aracnhidia: Acari: Phytoseiidae] predate Two-spotted spider mite nymphs and adults
  205. Entomopathogenic fungi infect nymphs and Two-spotted spider mite adults

Practices

  1. Wooded edges with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Ground beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  2. Windbreaks near crop fields shelter Lacewings, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  3. Hedgerows of native plants with nectar sources near crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  4. Field borders of native wildflowers protected from disturbances conserve Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Damsel bugs, Predatory plant bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  5. Grasslands, meadows, and pastures near crop fields support Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  6. Sources of alternate foods when prey is limited sustain Parasitoid wasps, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Big-eyed bugs, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Predatory stink bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  7. Perennial plantings of native flowering plants that continually bloom in succession throughout each growing-season feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Minute pirate bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  8. Perennial and annual insectaries of flowering plants from the aster, buckwheat, carrot, mint, legume, milkweed, moschatel, rose, and willow families feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Flower flies, and Predatory wasps
  9. Perennial and annual insectaries of plants with extra-floral nectaries feed Parasitoid wasps, Parasitic flies, and Flower flies
  10. Rock piles, stone walls, brush piles, dead wood, and snags shelter Earwigs, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  11. Living groundcovers, bark mulches, or leaf litters shelter Earwigs, Ground beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, Harvestmen, and Entomopathogens
  12. Beetle banks shelter Big-eyed bugs, Lacewings, Ground beetles, Lady beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Rove beetles, Spiders, and Insectivorous vertebrates
  13. Sandy soils with sparse vegetation conserve Predatory crickets and katydids
  14. Cover crops sustain Ambush bugs, Assassin bugs, Ground beetles, Soft-winged flower beetles, Soldier beetles, Spiders, and Predatory mites
  15. Diverse crop fields conserve Parasitoid wasps, Damsel bugs, Minute pirate bugs, Rove beetles, Insectivorous vertebrates, and Entomopathogens
  16. No-till crop fields support Damsel bugs, Earwigs, Ground beetles, Soldier beetles, Rove beetles, Flower flies, Spiders, Harvestmen, and Entomopathogens
  17. Organic fertilized crop fields conserve Earwigs, Predatory crickets and katydids, Ground beetles, and Entomopathogens
  18. Pesticide-free crop fields conserve beneficial organisms

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